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¹ Çorum İl Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Müdürlüğü, Çorum
² Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Veteriner Fak. Hayvan Besleme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Samsun - Recently, there were some problems in fertility in dairy cows in spite of improving of the genetic potential of dairy cows for high milk yield. Nutrition is one of the important factors affecting fertility in dairy cows. Energy balance in dairy cows is defined as the difference between dietary energy intake and energy used for maintance, pregnancy or lactation. Energy requirement of dairy cows for maintance and pregnancy is much lower than that of required for milk yield. Therefore, energy intake and milk yield are important parameters for energy balance. In prepartum period, a significant reduction occurs in dry matter intake and this causes a significant decline in energy and protein intake. A decrease in energy and protein intake, dietary nutrient deficiency or imbalance and the higher energy or protein consumption than that required negatively effect on fertility in dairy farms. The aim of this review is to mention effects of dietary energy and protein levels on ovarium and uterus physiology in dairy cows. Keywords : Dairy cows, protein intake, energy intake, reproductive performance